### **2. [[Traditional Surveying Methods in Architecture]]** onal Surveying Methods in Architecture]]** - **Chain and Compass Surveying**: Techniques, plotting, limitations - **Plane Table Surveying**: Radiation, intersection, and traversing methods - **Levelling**: Dumpy level, auto level, differential and profile levelling for site contours and drainage --- ### **3. [[Modern Surveying Tools and Techniques]]** - **Total Station**: Data collection, traversing, topographic mapping - **GPS/GNSS Surveying**: Accuracy levels (RTK, DGPS), applications in large-scale mapping - **Drones/UAVs**: Photogrammetry, point clouds, DEM/DSM generation - **Laser Scanning (LiDAR)**: Building documentation, 3D modeling for restoration --- ### **4. Topographic Mapping and Site Analysis** - **Contour Mapping**: Interpolation, drawing, reading contour maps - **Site Context Mapping**: Natural features, vegetation, access, drainage - **Slope Analysis**: Useful for hillside development and zoning - **Plotting and Representation**: Manual and digital (AutoCAD/Civil 3D) --- ### **5. Integration with Design and BIM** - **Base Maps for Architecture**: How survey data feeds into design process - **GIS Basics for Architects**: Spatial data layers, urban analysis - **Linking Survey Data to BIM Tools**: Revit, Rhino, InfraWorks integration - **Case Studies**: Site documentation, redevelopment mapping, conservation projects