[[wiki-architecture]] · [[Architectural Concepts and History]] · [[ARCHITECTURE]] · [[000]] # Examining Board v. Flores de Otero Examining Board v. Flores de Otero, 426 U.S. 572 (1976), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated a state law that excluded aliens from the practice of civil engineering. The Court invalidated the law on the basis of equal protection using a strict scrutiny standard of review. == Prior history == A Puerto Rico law permits only United States citizens to practice privately as civil engineers. Appellees are alien civil engineers residing in Puerto Rico, one of whom (Flores de Otero) was denied a license under this law, and the other of whom (Perez Nogueiro) was granted only a conditional license to work for the Commonwealth. Each appellee brought suit for declaratory and injunctive relief against appellant Examining Board and its members in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, claiming jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1343(3) and alleging that the statute's citizenship requirement violated 42 U.S.C. § 1983. == See also == List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 426 == References == - [[Professional Practice/Codes & Standards/National Building Code of India/Part 00 - Integrated Approach]] - [[Building Construction/Construction & Materials/Building Material/Glass and Glazing]] - [[Professional Practice/Codes & Standards/National Building Code of India/Part 11 - Sustainability]] - [[Environmental Design/Design Psychology]] - [[Professional Practice/Public & Cultural/Low Cost Construction]] - [[Building Construction/Construction & Materials/Building Material/Concrete and Cement]] - [[Environmental Design/Sustainable Materials]] - [[Building Construction/Structural Systems/Concrete Structures]] - [[History and Theory]] - [[Environmental Design/Water Conservation]] == External links == Text of Examining Board v. Flores de Otero, 426 U.S. 572 (1976) is available from: Findlaw Justia Oyez (oral argument audio)