[[wiki-architecture]] · [[Urban Planning and City Architecture]] · [[ARCHITECTURE]] · [[000]] # Ugsarmal bair Ugsarmal bair (Mongolian: Угсармал байр, lit. 'assembled building'), or just Ugsarmal, is the Mongolian term for prefabricated high-rise panel buildings. Most of these buildings were built in the 1960s and 1970s with Soviet funding and Soviet designs similar to those of Brezhnevkas. In the capital city of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, there are a total of 1077 ugsarmal panel buildings built between 1965 and 2000. Of the 1077 ugsarmal buildings, 34 of them are twelve-story, 263 of them are five-story, and the remaining 780 are nine-story tall. A study conducted in 2014 found that 45462 households live in ugsarmal buildings. Most of these buildings offered only small flats to most inhabitants. They were made to cheap quality standards while minimising the visual beauty of the buildings. At the same time, they supplied a large share of Mongolia's population with flats equipped with modern amenities (tap hot & cold water, in-flat sanitation, central heating), which at the time were still relatively rare in the country. Ugsarmals in Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet, and Darkhan are often high-rises, while those in the aimag centers usually have only four floors. Most public flats in Mongolia, including Ugsarmals, were privatized in the early 1990s after the 1990 Democratic Revolution. == Equivalents in other countries == The term Ugsarmal bair refers specifically to Soviet panel buildings in Mongolia. However, similar buildings (Plattenbau) were built in other Communist countries and some Western countries. Eastern Bloc housing Khrushchevka ( Soviet Union) Brezhnevka ( Soviet Union) Panelák ( Czechoslovakia) Panelház ( Hungarian People's Republic) Large-panel-system building ( East Germany) Systematization ( Romanian People's Republic) Other countries Million Programme ( Sweden) Tower blocks ( United Kingdom) == See also == Urban planning in communist countries == References == - [[Professional Practice/Codes & Standards/National Building Code of India/Part 08 - Building Services/Section 4 - Acoustics]] - [[History and Theory/Temple Architecture/Stone Temples of India]] - [[Digital Architecture/ePractice/GIS and Spatial Analysis]] - [[Professional Practice/Codes & Standards/National Building Code of India/Part 06 - Structural Design/Section 5B - Prestressed Concrete]] - [[Environmental Design/Design Psychology]] - [[Urban and Planning/Urban Regeneration]] - [[Professional Practice/Codes & Standards/National Building Code of India/Part 06 - Structural Design/Section 2 - Soils and Foundations]] - [[Professional Practice/Codes & Standards/National Building Code of India/Part 05 - Building Materials]] - [[Wiki-Architecture/Elements and Typologies]] - [[Professional Practice/Codes & Standards/National Building Code of India/Part 06 - Structural Design/Section 3A - Timber]]